Upper Mustang Trek – 17 Days

Upper Mustang is a remote and culturally rich Himalayan region located in north-central Nepal, beyond Kagbeni in the Annapurna Conservation Area. Often described as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom,” it was once an independent Tibetan-influenced kingdom and still preserves its ancient traditions, monasteries, cave settlements, and walled cities. The region lies in a rain-shadow area of the Himalayas, giving it a unique desert-like landscape with red cliffs, deep canyons, and wide barren valleys. The highlight of the trek is the historic walled city of Lo Manthang, the former capital of the Mustang Kingdom, which offers deep cultural immersion into Tibetan Buddhism, ancient architecture, and a preserved Himalayan lifestyle.

Best Season

The best time to trek in Upper Mustang is during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). These seasons offer stable weather, clear skies, and excellent visibility of the surrounding landscapes. Unlike most trekking regions in Nepal, Upper Mustang is located in a rain-shadow area, meaning it is also suitable during the monsoon months (June to August), making it one of the few viable Himalayan destinations in rainy season. Spring brings mild temperatures and blooming landscapes, while autumn offers crisp air, stable conditions, and culturally vibrant local life. Winter (December to February) is very cold and can be harsh due to strong winds and snowfall, limiting accessibility in higher regions.

Accommodation

Accommodation during the Upper Mustang Trek is a combination of hotels and teahouses. In Kathmandu and Pokhara, trekkers stay in comfortable tourist-standard hotels such as Alpine Hotel Nepal and Mount Kailash Resort on a twin-sharing basis. During the trekking route, accommodation is provided in basic teahouses and guesthouses operated by local families. These lodges are simple but comfortable, usually offering twin-sharing rooms with shared bathrooms in higher elevations. At lower villages, limited private rooms may be available. Facilities become more basic as altitude increases, but the hospitality remains warm and culturally rich throughout the journey.

Meals

Meals during the trek are arranged in local teahouses and lodges, providing a mix of Nepali, Tibetan, Indian, and basic continental dishes. A typical trekking day includes breakfast, lunch, and dinner, while in Kathmandu only breakfast is usually included. Popular meals include dal bhat (rice and lentils), noodles, soups, pasta, fried rice, and Tibetan bread. Food is freshly prepared, hygienic, and energy-rich to support long trekking days. Hot drinks such as tea, coffee, and ginger lemon honey are widely available. Welcome and farewell dinners are usually arranged in Kathmandu as part of the trekking package.

Permits

Upper Mustang is a restricted region, so special permits are required. Trekkers must obtain the Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit (RAP) along with the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP). The Restricted Area Permit is mandatory and only issued through a registered trekking agency with a licensed guide. Independent trekking is not allowed. These permits are checked at multiple entry points along the route, especially near Kagbeni and entry into Upper Mustang territory.

Guide and Support

A licensed trekking guide is compulsory for the Upper Mustang Trek due to its restricted status. The guide plays a crucial role in navigation, cultural interpretation, safety, and permit management. Porters are usually included to carry luggage, allowing trekkers to walk comfortably with a light daypack. Guides are also essential for communication with locals, understanding monastery rules, and ensuring proper acclimatization during the journey. The presence of a guide significantly enhances safety and overall trekking experience in this remote region.

Drinking Water

Safe drinking water is available throughout the trek but must be properly treated. Teahouses provide boiled water for purchase, and bottled water is available in lower villages, though it becomes expensive and less environmentally friendly at higher elevations. It is strongly recommended to use water purification tablets, filters, or UV purification devices. Trekkers should carry reusable bottles and refill them at lodges to reduce plastic waste. Staying hydrated is essential, especially in the dry and windy Mustang climate.

Travel Insurance

Comprehensive travel insurance is mandatory for the Upper Mustang Trek. The insurance must cover high-altitude trekking (above 4,500 meters) and include emergency helicopter evacuation. Due to the remote nature of the region and limited medical facilities, evacuation may be required in case of severe altitude sickness or injury. Without proper insurance coverage, participation in the trek is not recommended.

Transport

The journey begins with an international arrival in Kathmandu, followed by domestic travel. Trekkers usually take a scenic flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara and then a short flight from Pokhara to Jomsom. From Jomsom, the trek officially begins, passing through Kagbeni and into Upper Mustang. Return transportation follows the same route in reverse, often including flights from Jomsom to Pokhara and Pokhara to Kathmandu. In some cases, jeep transport may also be used depending on weather conditions and itinerary structure.

Difficulty Level

The Upper Mustang Trek is considered a moderate to challenging trek. While it does not involve technical climbing, the difficulty comes from long walking hours (6–8 hours per day), high altitude exposure, dry terrain, and strong winds. The trail includes both ascents and descents across rocky and uneven landscapes. Prior trekking experience at high altitude is strongly recommended to ensure proper acclimatization and physical readiness.

Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness is a potential risk during the trek as the route ascends above 3,500 meters and reaches a maximum altitude of around 4,325 meters at Chogo La Pass. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Proper acclimatization, hydration, and a gradual ascent are key to prevention. Trekkers are advised to avoid rushing, maintain a steady pace, and follow the guide’s instructions carefully. In severe cases, descent and medical evacuation may be necessary.

Cancellation Policy

Cancellation by the Participant

If you decide to cancel your booking for the Upper Mustang Trek please notify Alpine Club of Himalaya in writing (via email or official communication) as early as possible. The following cancellation charges apply:

• 60 days or more before trek start date: 20% cancellation fee of the total trip cost
• 30 to 59 days before trek start date: 50% cancellation fee of the total trip cost
• Less than 30 days before departure: No refund; 100% of the trip cost is non-refundable

These fees cover administrative costs, permits, pre-arranged logistics, and potential losses caused by late cancellations.

Cancellation by the Organizer

In the rare circumstance that Alpine Club of Himalaya must cancel the trek due to unforeseen or uncontrollable events such as extreme weather, natural disasters, or safety concerns in the region, you will be offered either:

• A full refund of all payments made
  OR
• The option to reschedule your trek for a future available date at no additional cost

Your safety is our highest priority, and cancellations are only made when absolutely necessary.

Force Majeure Clause

Alpine Club of Himalaya cannot be held responsible for cancellations, delays, or extra expenses resulting from force majeure events, including but not limited to:

• Earthquakes, floods, landslides
• Political unrest, strikes, or border closures
• Epidemics, pandemics, or other health emergencies
• Airspace closures, airline cancellations, or flight delays

In such cases, participants are responsible for any additional personal costs such as extra accommodation, changed flights, or insurance claims. We strongly recommend that all trekkers purchase comprehensive travel insurance covering trip cancellations, medical emergencies, and force majeure events before joining the trek.